Bulgaris, Eugenius

Having studied philosophy and theology at the University of Padua, Italy, a centre of Greek culture, Bulgaris

Beast Epic

The earliest European beast epics were in Latin, but vernacular epics

Murano

Island, north of Venice, in Veneto region, northeastern Italy, with an area of 1,134 acres (459 hectares) in the Laguna Veneta (Venice Lagoon). It was founded between the 5th and the 7th century, and it experienced its major development after 1291, when glass furnaces were moved there from Venice. Murano became the manufacturing centre for Venetian glass, exported in large quantities to

Wells, Henry

Wells gained experience as an agent for Harnden's Express at Albany, N.Y., and then as a founder of Livingston, Wells, and Pomeroy's Express, operating between Albany and Buffalo. In 1844, together with William Fargo (q.v.) and Daniel Dunning,

Monarch Butterfly

(Danaus plexippus), a familiar member of the milkweed butterfly family Danaidae (order Lepidoptera), distributed throughout the world but concentrated mainly in North, Central, and South America. The monarch's wingspan averages 90 to 100 millimetres (about 4 inches). The distinctive coloration of the reddish-brown wings, marked by black veins and a black

I Novel

The I novel grew out of the naturalist movement that dominated Japanese literature during the early decades of the 20th century. The term is used to describe two different types of novel, the confessional novel (characterized

France, History Of, Economic distress

The Black Death, carried on shipboard from the Levant, reached Provence in

Ahmad Sirhindi, Shaykh

Shaykh Ahmad, who through his paternal line traced his descent from the caliph 'Umar I (the second

Gadolinium

(Gd), chemical element, rareearth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. Silvery white and moderately ductile, the metal reacts slowly with oxygen and water. Below 17� C it is ferromagnetic and at very low temperatures, superconducting. Credit for the discovery of gadolinium is shared by J.-C.-G. de Marignac and P.-�. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Marignac separated (1880) a new

Genet, Edmond-charles

In 1781 Edmond succeeded his father, Edm�-Jacques Genet, as head of the translation department at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Abdul Rahman, Tuanku (king)

The son of Tuanku Mohammed,

Aschelminth, Locomotion

Nematodes have a characteristic sinuous movement in which waves travel along the body, which generally lies on its side, backward waves driving the body forward, forward waves driving it backward. These waves are brought about by successive contractions of longitudinal body wall muscles, in dorsal and ventral blocks, acting out of phase. The muscles increase the

Saracen

In the Middle Ages, any person - Arab, Turk, or other - who professed the religion of Islam. Earlier in the Roman world, there had been references to Saracens (Greek: Sarakenoi) by late classical authors in the first three centuries AD, the term being then applied to an Arab tribe living in the Sinai Peninsula. In the following centuries the use of the term

Silao

City, west-central Guanajuato estado (�state�), north-central Mexico. Founded in 1537, Silao lies along the Silao River at 5,830 feet (1,777 m) above sea level. By virtue of its location in the Baj�o region, known as the granary of Mexico, Silao is an important agricultural centre. A wide variety of crops, including corn (maize), beans, wheat, chick-peas, avocados, peaches, and strawberries, thrive

Guinea-bissau, Religions

Most adherents of Islam belong to the Qadiriyah or Tijaniyah orders. Portugal supported the expansion of

Guinea-bissau, Religions

Guerrilla movement formed originally to oppose the Japanese occupation of Malaya during World War II. In December 1941 a rapid Japanese invasion commenced, and within 10 weeks it had conquered Malaya. British military forces had prepared for this possibility by training small Malayan guerrilla groups. Once war became a reality, the guerrillas organized the MPAJA. This

Dyer, Mary Barrett

Married in 1633 in London to William Dyer, Mary Dyer went with him to America (c. 1635) and settled in Boston. She began to accept the antinomian

Chicago Critics

The group's members, associated from the 1940s with the University of Chicago, often were called �Aristotelian,� or, more accurately, �Neo-Aristotelian,

Nahant

Initially settled by fishermen and livestock herders in the mid-17th century, Nahant

Turgovishte

Also spelled �Targovi

Monde, Le

The newspaper was established in 1944 - as soon as the German army had quit Paris but while World War II continued - on orders of the new government of General Charles de Gaulle as a means of providing a respected voice for France. It was printed on the

Jouve, Pierre-jean

Prevented by ill health from serving in World War

Biblical Literature, The chronology of Paul

For the chronology of Paul's ministry, there are also some extra-biblical data: According to Josephus, Herod Agrippa I was made ruler of all Palestine by the emperor Claudius in AD 41 and reigned for three years. His death was thus in AD 44. A famine in Claudius' reign took place when Tiberius Alexander was procurator of Judaea (c. 46 - 48), and Egyptian papyri suggest (by reference to high wheat

Tracheophyte

Any of the vascular plants, members of the division, or phylum, Tracheophyta, numbering some 260,000 species and including all of the conspicuous flora of the Earth today. Tracheophyte, meaning �tracheid plant,� refers to the water-conducting cells (called tracheids, or tracheary elements) that show spiral bands like those in the walls of the tracheae, or air tubes, of

Biblical Literature, Nahum

He begins with the

Valdez

City, southeastern Alaska, U.S. It lies on Prince William Sound and is the northernmost all-year port in North America. Formerly known as Copper City, it was named in 1898 for its harbour (explored and named by Spaniards in 1790) when it became a gateway for the Yukon goldfields. It is a port of entry and the southern terminal for the trans-Alaskan pipeline from Prudhoe Bay. The petroleum

Prophets, The Lives Of The

Pseudepigraphal collection (not in any scriptural canon) of folk stories and legends about the major and minor biblical prophets and a number of other prophetic figures from the Old Testament books of I Kings, II Chronicles, and Nehemiah. The work demonstrates the popularity of religious and philosophical biography in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern areas

China, Later innovations

In the 15th century new institutions were gradually devised to provide needed coordination both in the central government and in regional administration. Later emperors found the Hung-wu emperor's system of highly centralized power and fragmented government structure inefficient and inconvenient. Litterateurs of the traditional and prestigious Hanlin

Land Reform

The concept of land reform has varied over time according to the range of functions which land

Chemical Compound, Aldehydes and ketones

Similar to the double bond of alkenes, the carbon-oxygen double bond is made up of a s bond, whose electron pair lies between the bonded